TransUnion v. Ramirez

This case asked whether people may recover damages in federal court under the Fair Credit Reporting Act when a credit reporting agency incorrectly labeled them as possible matches to a government terrorist list, even if many of them never had that misleading information sent to anyone else. The Court held that only class members who suffered a concrete, real-world injury—such as having the misleading credit report shared with a third party—had Article III standing to seek damages.