No. 19-897October Term 2019Decided Jun 29, 2021
Johnson v. Guzman Chavez
The main question is whether these noncitizens are detained under a law tied to executing a removal order or under one that generally permits bond hearings.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Jun 29, 2021
- What it's about
This case asked which immigration detention law applies to noncitizens who were previously removed, reentered the United States, had their old removal orders reinstated, and are seeking withholding or deferral of removal because they fear persecution or torture. The answer determines whether they are detained under the post-removal statute or under the statute that generally allows bond hearings during removal proceedings.
Question presented
Whether the detention of an alien who is subject to a reinstated removal order and who is pursuing withholding or deferral of removal is governed by 8 U.S.C. 1231, or instead by 8 U.S.C. 1226.
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit / Decision released Jun 29, 2021
- Area
Immigration
Briefing
What it's about
The case asks which federal immigration detention law applies to noncitizens whose old removal orders were reinstated while they seek withholding or deferral of removal because they fear persecution or torture. The answer turns on whether they are treated under the post-removal detention statute or under the statute that often allows bond hearings during removal proceedings.
Vote
The case is still pending, and oral argument has not been scheduled yet.
Impact
This affects whether people in this situation can ask for release on bond while their protection claims are being reviewed. For example, a person who was previously removed, returned to the U.S., and now fears torture if sent back could face longer detention without a bond hearing depending on the statute.
What's next
The next sign of movement would be oral argument or another scheduling step from the Court. No decision window is available yet.
What is the core dispute in Johnson v. Guzman Chavez?
The Court is being asked which detention statute applies after a prior removal order is reinstated and the person seeks withholding or deferral of removal.
Why could this case matter for people in immigration custody?
It could decide whether some detained noncitizens may seek bond hearings while their fear-based protection claims are pending. That can affect how long they stay locked up.
What should readers watch for next in this case?
Watch for the Supreme Court to schedule oral argument or issue another calendar update. The prompt does not provide a decision timeline yet.
Decision
What the Court decided
The main question is whether these noncitizens are detained under a law tied to executing a removal order or under one that generally permits bond hearings.
Impact
This affects whether people in this situation can ask for release on bond while their protection claims are being reviewed. For example, a person who was previously removed, returned to the U.S., and now fears torture if sent back could face longer detention without a bond hearing depending on the statute.
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Timing
Decided June 29, 2021
The Court released its decision on June 29, 2021 without hearing oral argument.
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials10
Supreme Court docket 19-897
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 25, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Questions Presented
brief | May 24, 2026
opinion
opinion | Jun 29, 2021
Petition
brief | Jan 17, 2020
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026