No. 19-1442October Term 2019Decided Apr 22, 2021
Carr v. Saul
The key question is whether Social Security claimants must make this constitutional objection inside the agency process or can save it for court.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Apr 22, 2021
- What it's about
This case asked whether people seeking Social Security disability benefits can challenge the constitutional appointment of the administrative law judge who denied their claims if they did not raise that issue during the agency process. The Supreme Court held that they do not lose that argument by failing to present it in their administrative proceedings.
Question presented
Whether claimants seeking disability benefits under the Social Security Act must exhaust Appointments Clause challenges before the Administrative Law Judge as a prerequisite to obtaining judicial review.
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit / Decision released Apr 22, 2021
- Area
Administrative Law
Briefing
What it's about
Carr v. Saul asks whether people seeking Social Security disability benefits must raise an Appointments Clause challenge during their agency case before they can make that argument in court. In plain terms, the Court is being asked whether missing that issue before the administrative law judge blocks later judicial review.
Vote
The case had not been scheduled for oral argument yet. The dispute is whether Social Security claimants must present an Appointments Clause challenge to the agency before raising it in court.
Impact
This matters for disability applicants who lose benefits and later want to argue that the judge who heard their case was not properly appointed. If courts require that objection to be raised early, some claimants could lose a constitutional argument before they even know it exists.
What's next
The next milestone is oral argument or another scheduling move from the Court. No decision window is available yet.
What is the main fight in Carr v. Saul?
The case asks whether disability claimants must object during Social Security agency proceedings to preserve an Appointments Clause argument for court. The Court has not yet answered that question here.
Who could feel the effects of this case in real life?
People applying for Social Security disability benefits could be affected most. A claimant who lost before an agency judge might lose a constitutional argument if courts require an earlier objection.
What should readers watch for next in this case?
Watch for the Supreme Court to schedule oral argument or issue another calendar update. Until then, there is no decision timeline to track.
Decision
What the Court decided
The key question is whether Social Security claimants must make this constitutional objection inside the agency process or can save it for court.
Impact
This matters for disability applicants who lose benefits and later want to argue that the judge who heard their case was not properly appointed. If courts require that objection to be raised early, some claimants could lose a constitutional argument before they even know it exists.
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Timing
Decided April 22, 2021
The Court released its decision on April 22, 2021 without hearing oral argument.
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials10
Supreme Court docket 19-1442
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 25, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Questions Presented
brief | May 24, 2026
opinion
opinion | Apr 22, 2021
Petition
brief | Jun 29, 2020
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026