No. 18-1195October Term 2019Decided Jun 30, 2020
Espinoza v. Montana Dept. of Revenue
At its core, the case asked whether a state may cut religious schools out of a neutral student-aid program just because they are religious.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Jun 30, 2020
- What it's about
This case was about Montana’s tax-credit scholarship program for private school tuition and the state’s decision to bar families from using those scholarships at religious schools. The parents argued that excluding religious schools, and then striking down the whole program because religious schools might benefit, unlawfully discriminated against religion.
Question presented
Does it violate the Religion Clauses or Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution to invalidate a generally available and religiously neutral student-aid program simply because the program affords students the choice of attending religious schools?
- Case path
Supreme Court of Montana / Decision released Jun 30, 2020
- Area
Decided Supreme Court case
Briefing
What it's about
This case was about Montana's tax-credit scholarship program for private school tuition and the state's decision to block families from using scholarships at religious schools. The Supreme Court resolved that dispute after parents argued the exclusion, and the end of the whole program because religious schools might benefit, discriminated against religion.
Impact
The case affects families who want to use student aid at religious schools and states that run school-choice programs. For example, it matters to parents seeking tuition help for a child to attend a religious private school.
What's next
The Supreme Court has finished this docket action. Montana and any affected lower courts or officials must follow the decision in future disputes over the program.
What was the main fight in Espinoza v. Montana Dept. of Revenue?
Parents challenged Montana's rule blocking scholarship use at religious schools. They said excluding those schools, and ending the program because they might benefit, was religious discrimination.
Who could feel the real-world effects of this case?
Families seeking tuition help for private religious schools could be directly affected. State lawmakers and education officials also may need to rethink how scholarship programs are written.
What happens procedurally now that the Supreme Court has acted?
The Supreme Court's work on this case is over. State officials and lower courts must apply the decision as related disputes arise.
Decision
What the Court decided
At its core, the case asked whether a state may cut religious schools out of a neutral student-aid program just because they are religious.
Impact
The case affects families who want to use student aid at religious schools and states that run school-choice programs. For example, it matters to parents seeking tuition help for a child to attend a religious private school.
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials10
Supreme Court docket 18-1195
docket | Jul 3, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 3, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 3, 2026
Questions Presented
brief | May 26, 2026
opinion
opinion | Jun 30, 2020
Petition
brief | Mar 12, 2019
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026