Race in voting maps

1. Whether an individual voter who was granted only permissive intervention below, has no role in implementing state elections, and has not established harm, traceability, or redressability to the lower court’s liability decision or remedial decision on the basis of vote dilution, lacks standing to appeal. 2. Whether a candidate who does not reside in or represent the district at issue, was granted only permissive intervention below, has no role in implementing state elections and does not challenge the counting of votes in his election, who was only helped and not harmed in any way by his new district, and who cannot establish traceability or redressability to the lower court’s liability or remedial decisions, has standing to appeal. 3. Where Intervenors forfeited their racial gerrymandering claim against the remedial map below, race was not considered at all in the drawing of the map, and the district court’s selection of the map was not driven by race such that race could not predominate, does the map trigger strict scrutiny under the Equal Protection Clause?