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No. 20-6400October Term 2020Decided Jun 1, 2021

Docket 20-6400October Term 2020 (2020–2021)

Sanders v. United States

This case could clarify when police may enter a home quickly during a welfare check without first getting a warrant.

Case status

Current stage
Decided
Latest event
Decision released Jun 1, 2021
Case Accepted
Arguments
Decision ReleasedJun 1, 2021
What it's about

This case is about whether police could enter Kenneth Sanders’s home without a warrant during a welfare check after reports of a domestic fight and hearing a child crying inside. The Supreme Court granted certiorari, vacated the Eighth Circuit’s judgment, and sent the case back for reconsideration in light of Caniglia v. Strom, which rejected using the community-caretaking doctrine to justify warrantless entry into a home.

Question presented

Whether the community caretaker exception to the Fourth Amendment allowed law enforcement to make warrantless entry into the home of Mr. Sanders, his girlfriend, and three children – less than fifty seconds after their initial knock for a welfare check – where: (1) police suspected he had fought with and caused minor scratches to the face of his girlfriend, who assured officers that she and her 11, 7 and 1 year-old children were all fine; and (2) police heard a child crying inside the home after expressly assenting to the girlfriend reentering the house to ask Mr. Sanders to come out?

Case path

United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit / Decision released Jun 1, 2021

Area

Criminal Procedure

Briefing

What it's about

The justices are being asked whether police could enter Kenneth Sanders's home without a warrant during a welfare check after a reported fight and crying inside. The Court previously sent the case back for reconsideration after Caniglia v. Strom rejected using a broad caretaking rationale to justify entering a home without a warrant.

Vote

Argument has not been scheduled. In 2021, the Court granted review, vacated the Eighth Circuit's judgment, and sent the case back for further consideration in light of Caniglia v. Strom.

"In this Fourth Amendment case, the Eighth Circuit relied on the 'community caretaking' doctrine to uphold the warrantless entry into a home."

— Justice Justice Brett Kavanaugh(majority)

Impact

The answer could affect how officers respond to welfare checks and domestic violence calls when they think someone inside may need help. It also matters to families, because it shapes when police may enter a home without a judge's approval.

What's next

Watch for oral argument or another scheduling move from the Court. No decision window is available yet.

What is the main fight in Sanders v. United States?

The case asks whether officers could lawfully enter Sanders's home without a warrant during a welfare check after a reported fight and crying inside.

Why could this case matter beyond Sanders's home?

It could shape how police handle welfare checks and domestic violence calls when children are present. It also affects how strongly the home is protected from quick entry.

What should court watchers look for next in this case?

Watch for oral argument or another scheduling order. No decision window is available yet.

Decision

Decision record

What the Court decided

This case could clarify when police may enter a home quickly during a welfare check without first getting a warrant.

Result
Vacated

Impact

The answer could affect how officers respond to welfare checks and domestic violence calls when they think someone inside may need help. It also matters to families, because it shapes when police may enter a home without a judge's approval.

Not official Court text.

Opinion documents

Timing

Decided June 1, 2021

The Court released its decision on June 1, 2021 without hearing oral argument.