No. 20-507October Term 2020Decided Mar 29, 2021
Mays v. Hines
Before any argument, the main fight is over how hard it should be for a prisoner to win a new trial in federal court based on a lawyer's mistakes.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Mar 29, 2021
- What it's about
This case asked whether a federal appeals court went too far in overturning Anthony Hines’s Tennessee murder conviction and death sentence on habeas review based on ineffective assistance of counsel. The Supreme Court held that the Sixth Circuit improperly second-guessed the state court’s finding that Hines was not prejudiced by his lawyer’s alleged failures, despite strong evidence of guilt.
Question presented
Whether the Sixth Circuit’s decision conflicts with the Court’s precedents governing claims of ineffective assistance of counsel under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996.
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit / Decision released Mar 29, 2021
- Area
Decided Supreme Court case
Briefing
What it's about
This case asks whether the Sixth Circuit went too far when it overturned Anthony Hines's Tennessee murder conviction and death sentence on ineffective-assistance grounds. The question is whether that court conflicted with Supreme Court precedent and AEDPA (a law that limits federal habeas review of state convictions).
Vote
Oral argument has not been scheduled. The warden says the Sixth Circuit second-guessed the state court too aggressively, while Hines says his lawyer's failures were serious enough to justify federal relief.
Impact
The answer could affect how often federal courts set aside state convictions because of claimed lawyer mistakes. That matters for prisoners seeking new trials and for states trying to preserve jury verdicts in serious criminal cases.
What's next
Watch for oral argument or another scheduling move from the Court. No decision window is available yet.
What is the central dispute in Mays v. Hines?
The Court is being asked whether the Sixth Circuit strayed from Supreme Court rules on ineffective-assistance claims under AEDPA. The case focuses on how much deference federal judges owe state courts.
Why could this case matter beyond Anthony Hines?
It could change how hard it is for state prisoners to win federal habeas relief based on lawyer errors. States also have an interest in keeping older convictions final.
What should court watchers look for next in this case?
The next major sign of movement would be an oral-argument setting or another scheduling order. The prompt says no decision window is available yet.
Decision
What the Court decided
Before any argument, the main fight is over how hard it should be for a prisoner to win a new trial in federal court based on a lawyer's mistakes.
Impact
The answer could affect how often federal courts set aside state convictions because of claimed lawyer mistakes. That matters for prisoners seeking new trials and for states trying to preserve jury verdicts in serious criminal cases.
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Timing
Decided March 29, 2021
The Court released its decision on March 29, 2021 without hearing oral argument.
Documents
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials8
Supreme Court docket 20-507
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 25, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Opinion
opinion | Mar 29, 2021
Petition
brief | Oct 13, 2020
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026