No. 25A312October Term 2025Decided Jun 29, 2026
Donald J. Trump, President of the United States, Applicant v. Lisa D. Cook, Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, et al.
This case tests whether a President may remove a Federal Reserve governor for pre-appointment conduct without first giving notice or a hearing.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Jun 29, 2026
- What it's about
This case involves a dispute over whether the President can remove a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors for cause based on conduct that occurred before their appointment, without providing prior notice or a hearing. The Court is considering whether to lift a lower court's order that currently blocks the President from carrying out such a removal.
Question presented
Should the Court stay a district court injunction preventing the President from removing a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors "for cause" based on pre-appointment conduct without prior notice or a hearing?
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit / Decision released Jun 29, 2026
- Area
Decided Supreme Court case
Briefing
What it's about
The Supreme Court released a decision in a fight over whether the President can remove a Federal Reserve Board member for cause based on conduct before appointment, without prior notice or a hearing. The prompt does not provide the decision's vote or the exact result on the injunction.
Impact
The case affects how much control a President has over the Federal Reserve's leadership and what process a governor gets before being removed. That matters to White House officials, current Fed governors, and markets watching the central bank's independence.
What's next
Lower courts and the parties must now apply the Supreme Court's decision to the injunction and the removal dispute. The White House and the Federal Reserve will act next based on whether that injunction remains in place or is lifted.
What was the main dispute in Trump v. Cook?
The case asked whether the President could remove a Federal Reserve governor for cause based on conduct before appointment. It also asked whether notice and a hearing were required first.
Why does this case matter in the real world?
It affects the balance between presidential control and Federal Reserve independence. Fed governors and financial markets care because leadership stability can shape confidence in the central bank.
What happens next after the Supreme Court's decision?
The lower courts and the parties must carry out the Supreme Court's instructions on the injunction. The White House and the Federal Reserve then act under that result.
Decision
What the Court decided
This case tests whether a President may remove a Federal Reserve governor for pre-appointment conduct without first giving notice or a hearing.
Impact
Lisa D. Cook, the President, and the Federal Reserve Board are affected most. Because the stay (temporary pause) was denied, the district court injunction (court order) remains in place. For example, Cook cannot be removed under the blocked process while that order stands. Next, the Court may address whether “cause” means an official’s conduct showing unfitness for the place. That could
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Timing
Decided June 29, 2026
The Court released its decision 159 days after oral argument on January 21, 2026. The median for cases argued in January is 127 days.
Coverage
The Supreme Court on Monday let Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook stay in her job for now. The justices did not settle the bigger question of whether a president can fire Fed board members before their terms end.
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials8
Supreme Court docket 25A312
docket | Jul 23, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 23, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 23, 2026
Opinion of the Court - R
opinion | Jun 29, 2026
Oral Arguments - Cook
audio | Jan 21, 2026
Reply
brief | Sep 26, 2025
Lower Court Orders/Opinions
order | Sep 18, 2025
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026