No. 16-1466October Term 2017Decided Jun 27, 2018
Janus v. State, County, and Municipal Employees
Public employers may not require nonunion workers to pay agency fees to a union.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Jun 27, 2018
- What it's about
This case is about whether a state may require public employees who do not join a union to still pay "agency fees" to cover the union’s collective-bargaining costs. Mark Janus argued that forcing nonmembers to pay those fees makes them support speech they may disagree with and violates the First Amendment.
Question presented
Should Abood be overruled and public sector agency fee arrangements declared unconstitutional under the First Amendment?
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit / Decision released Jun 27, 2018
- Area
Decided Supreme Court case
Briefing
What it's about
The Supreme Court decided that the First Amendment does not allow a state to require public employees who do not join a union to pay agency fees for collective bargaining. The case came from Illinois, where Mark Janus said those fees made him support union speech he disagreed with.
Vote
The case was argued on Feb. 26, 2018, and decided on June 27, 2018, but the prompt does not provide the vote count or opinion lineup.
Impact
This affects teachers, police officers, clerks, and other state and local workers in unionized public workplaces. A worker who refuses union membership can no longer be required to pay fees just to cover bargaining costs.
What's next
The Court has finished this case. States, public employers, and unions had to adjust their fee policies to match the decision.
What was Mark Janus asking the Supreme Court to decide?
He said Illinois could not force a nonmember public employee to pay union agency fees. He argued that requirement violated the First Amendment.
How does Janus affect public workers who do not join a union?
Nonmembers in public jobs cannot be required to pay agency fees for collective bargaining. That matters to workers like teachers or clerks who object to union positions.
What happened after the Court decided Janus?
The Supreme Court finished the case on June 27, 2018. Public employers and unions then had to follow the new rule on agency fees.
Decision
What the Court decided
Public employers may not require nonunion workers to pay agency fees to a union.
Impact
This affects teachers, police officers, clerks, and other state and local workers in unionized public workplaces. A worker who refuses union membership can no longer be required to pay fees just to cover bargaining costs.
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials8
Supreme Court docket 16-1466
docket | Jul 3, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 3, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 3, 2026
Questions Presented
brief | May 24, 2026
opinion
opinion | Jun 27, 2018
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026