Cases compared
Emily Laughlin, Petitioner v. Miami-Dade County, Florida vs. Julian Francis Bates, Petitioner v. General Motors, LLC, dba GM vs. Naquea Elaine Johnson v. New Jersey
Civil Rights cases on the Supreme Court docket, side by side.
No. 25-1406No. 25-6605No. 25-6617
Side by side
| Fact | Emily Laughlin, Petitioner v. Miami-Dade County, Florida | Julian Francis Bates, Petitioner v. General Motors, LLC, dba GM | Naquea Elaine Johnson v. New Jersey |
|---|---|---|---|
| Docket | 25-1406 | 25-6605 | 25-6617 |
| Status | Before Arguments | Before Arguments | Before Arguments |
| Date | October Term 2025 (2025–2026) | October Term 2025 (2025–2026) | October Term 2025 (2025–2026) |
| Question presented | Whether federal courts may require discrimination plaintiffs to establish pretext to survive summary judgment (under McDonnell Douglas or otherwise) when neither Rule 56 nor the governing discrimination statutes imposes a pretext requirement, and Rule 56 is intended to operate trans-substantively across all civil actions? | 1. Can a party fail to cooperate in discovery, disobey court rules, interrupt the McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green burden-shifting evidence approach and then be granted summary judgement? 2. Was a General Motors ’ women ’ s only employee resource group an unlawful D.E.I. initiative, policy, program, or practice that involved General Motors taking a negative employment action motivated by Julian Bates ’ gender or sex as a man? | 1. Whether federal courts violate due process and equal protection by denying in forma pauperis status based on gross income that includes mandatory payments under jurisdictionally void orders, when the IFP denial forecloses the § 1983 action seeking to challenge state actors ’ unauthorized exercise of power and prevents access to discovery documenting the jurisdictional violations. 2. Whether M.L.B. v. S.L.J. ‘ s prohibition on wealth barriers to fundamental rights adjudication extends to § 1983 claims challenging state actors ’ deprivation of parental rights through jurisdictionally void orders issued without subject-matter jurisdiction and without constitutionally mandated procedural safeguards. 3. Whether state actors violate § 1983 when they exercise authority over an interstate child removal after an appellate court orders a mandatory jurisdictional hearing that never occurs, issue orders without subject-matter jurisdiction, and deprive a parent of fundamental liberty interests without due process, creating a federal question that is not barred by Rooker-Feldman or the domestic-relations exception. |
| Summary | Emily Laughlin asks the Supreme Court to review an Eleventh Circuit decision that upheld summary judgment for Miami-Dade County in her employment-discrimination case. She argues that courts should not require discrimination plaintiffs to prove that an employer's stated reason was a pretext before allowing the case to proceed to trial. | Julian Francis Bates has asked the Supreme Court to review lower-court rulings in his employment-discrimination case against General Motors, including claims concerning a women-only employee resource group and the handling of discovery and summary judgment. The Court has not yet agreed to decide any question in the case. | Naquea Elaine Johnson has asked the Supreme Court to review a Fourth Circuit case involving her request to proceed in forma pauperis, meaning without paying court fees because of limited financial resources. Her petition argues that courts violated due process and equal protection by calculating her income using gross income that includes mandatory payments; the Court has not yet agreed to decide the case. |
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