No. 19-1434October Term 2019Decided Jul 8, 2021
United States v. Arthrex, Inc.
This case could reshape who may make final patent decisions inside the Patent Office and how those officials must be appointed.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Jul 8, 2021
- What it's about
This case asked whether administrative patent judges on the Patent Trial and Appeal Board could constitutionally issue final decisions invalidating patents even though they were appointed by the Secretary of Commerce rather than by the President with Senate confirmation. It also raised what the proper remedy should be if that arrangement violated the Constitution’s Appointments Clause.
Question presented
1. Whether, for purposes of the Appointments Clause, U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 2, administrative patent judges of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office are principal officers who must be appointed by the President with the Senate’s advice and consent, or “inferior Officers” whose appointment Congress has permissibly vested in a department head. 2. Whether, if administrative patent judges are principal officers, the court of appeals properly cured any Appointments Clause defect in the current statutory scheme prospectively by severing the application of 5 U.S.C. § 7513(a) to those judges.
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit / Decision released Jul 8, 2021
- Area
Decided Supreme Court case
Briefing
What it's about
The case asks whether administrative patent judges at the Patent Trial and Appeal Board can issue final decisions on patents even though the Secretary of Commerce appoints them. It also asks what fix would be proper if that appointment system breaks the Appointments Clause of the Constitution.
Vote
The case is still pending, and the Court has not scheduled oral argument. The main questions are whether these patent judges are principal officers or inferior officers, and whether the lower court's fix was proper.
Impact
The answer could affect how the Patent Trial and Appeal Board reviews and cancels patents. That matters to inventors, drug companies, and technology firms that rely on patents or challenge them.
What's next
The next sign of movement would be oral argument or another scheduling order from the Court. No decision window is available yet.
What is the core dispute in United States v. Arthrex, Inc.?
The case asks whether Patent Trial and Appeal Board judges were appointed in a constitutional way before issuing final patent decisions.
Why could this case matter outside the courtroom?
If the Court changes the rules, companies and inventors could face new uncertainty about patent challenges and past board decisions.
What should court watchers look for next in this case?
Watch for the Supreme Court to schedule oral argument or issue another order showing how and when the case will move forward.
Decision
What the Court decided
This case could reshape who may make final patent decisions inside the Patent Office and how those officials must be appointed.
Impact
The answer could affect how the Patent Trial and Appeal Board reviews and cancels patents. That matters to inventors, drug companies, and technology firms that rely on patents or challenge them.
Not official Court text.
Opinion documents
Timing
Decided July 8, 2021
The Court released its decision on July 8, 2021 without hearing oral argument.
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary materials plus reporting.
- Note
- Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Jul 2, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials10
Supreme Court docket 19-1434
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Jul 25, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Jul 25, 2026
Questions Presented
brief | May 26, 2026
opinion
opinion | Jun 21, 2021
Petition
brief | Jun 25, 2020
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026
SupremeCourt.gov
official | Jul 2, 2026