No. 23-334October Term 2023Decided Jun 21, 2024
Department of State, et al., Petitioners v. Sandra Muñoz, et al.
The Supreme Court held that a U.S. citizen does not have a fundamental liberty interest in having their noncitizen spouse admitted to the country, meaning the denial of a visa does not trigger procedural due process rights for the citizen spouse.
Case status
- Current stage
- Decided
- Latest event
- Decision released Jun 21, 2024
- What it's about
The Supreme Court held that a U.S. citizen does not have a fundamental liberty interest in having their noncitizen spouse admitted to the country, meaning the denial of a visa does not trigger procedural due process rights for the citizen spouse. The Court reversed the Ninth Circuit's decision, reinforcing the doctrine of consular nonreviewability regarding visa determinations.
Question presented
Does the denial of a visa to the non-citizen spouse of a U.S. citizen infringe on a constitutionally protected interest of the citizen and, if so, did the government properly justify that decision in this case?
- Case path
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit / Decision released Jun 21, 2024
- Area
Decided Supreme Court case
Documents
Related cases




Grounding
- Grounding
- Primary-source trail available.
- Note
- Plain-English explainer. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.
- Checked
- Mar 30, 2026
- Method
- Methodology
Primary materials8
Supreme Court docket 23-334
docket | Mar 30, 2026
Primary case document
Supreme Court document | Mar 30, 2026
CourtListener docket record
docket | Mar 30, 2026
Questions Presented
brief | Mar 8, 2026
Munoz
opinion | Jun 21, 2024
Opinion
opinion | Jun 21, 2024
opinion
opinion | Jun 21, 2024
Petition
brief | Sep 29, 2023