Evidence of retaliatory arrests
Rahdar v. City of Friendswood
In brief
- Where it stands
- Dismissed
Petition denied.
- What it’s about
- Fred Rahdar and Kobra Ghorbani asked the Supreme Court to review whether *Gonzalez v.
- Who it affects
- Rahdar and Ghorbani did not get Supreme Court review, and the Court did not decide their question about probable cause.
Summary: written with AI from the case record.

What it's about
Trevino* permits objective evidence to defeat probable cause, in a case based on their allegations that Friendswood officials retaliated after Rahdar criticized the police chief. The Court refused to hear the case (denied the petition), so it did not decide that question.
Rahdar and Ghorbani alleged that Friendswood officials retaliated after Rahdar criticized the police chief.
The petition concerned how a 2024 Supreme Court decision, Gonzalez v. Trevino, applies to objective evidence in probable-cause disputes.
Question presented
Whether the opinion in Gonzalez v. Trevino, 144 S. Ct. 1663 (2024), authorizes the use of any objective evidence to defeat probable cause.
Documents
Docket activity
New analysis added
AI analysis generated: Case Briefing
AI analysis generated: Decision Record
Case data updated: summary, question_presented, generation_metadata
Case data updated: question_presented, extraction_metadata
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Brief added: Petition
Sources
Primary materials plus reporting. Best-effort analysis: this explainer relies on a mix of primary materials and trusted secondary sources. Official filings and opinions remain authoritative.